Parametric Surfaces — Question 2

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Question 2

Parametrize the paraboloid z=x2+y2z=x^2+y^2 as a graph. At the point P=(1,−1,2)P=(1,-1,2), find a normal vector and the tangent plane.

Tasks

  1. Give a two-parameter graph parametrization.

  2. Compute the tangent vectors and their cross product at PP.

  3. Write and verify the tangent-plane equation.

Original worksheet page 1: question and worked solution for 6-2-002
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Question 2 – Solution

Strategy. Use x=ux=u, y=vy=v, and let the defining graph supply the third component.

Step 1: Parametrize 𝒓(u,v)=⟨u,v,u2+v2⟩,(u,v)∈ℝ2.\mathbf r(u,v)=\langle u,v,u^2+v^2\rangle, \qquad (u,v)\in\mathbb R^2. The point PP corresponds to (u,v)=(1,−1)(u,v)=(1,-1).

Step 2: Normal vector 𝒓u=⟨1,0,2u⟩,𝒓v=⟨0,1,2v⟩,\mathbf r_u=\langle 1,0,2u\rangle, \qquad \mathbf r_v=\langle 0,1,2v\rangle, so 𝒓u×𝒓v=⟨−2u,−2v,1⟩.\mathbf r_u\times\mathbf r_v=\langle-2u,-2v,1\rangle. At PP, an upward normal is ⟨−2,2,1⟩\boxed{\langle-2,2,1\rangle}.

See the diagram in the original worksheet below.

Step 3: Tangent plane −2(x−1)+2(y+1)+(z−2)=0,-2(x-1)+2(y+1)+(z-2)=0, or z=2x−2y−2.\boxed{z=2x-2y-2}.

Verification Substitution of (1,−1,2)(1,-1,2) gives 2=2+2−22=2+2-2. The normal from the graph equation x2+y2−z=0x^2+y^2-z=0 is ⟨2,−2,−1⟩\langle 2,-2,-1\rangle, the negative of the chosen normal.

Original worksheet page 2: question and worked solution for 6-2-002

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