Line Integrals of Vector Fields β€” Question 5

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Question 5

Let 𝑭(x,y,z)=⟨z,x,y⟩,𝒓(t)=⟨t,t2,t3⟩,0≀t≀1.\mathbf F(x,y,z)=\langle z,x,y\rangle,\qquad \mathbf r(t)=\langle t,t^2,t^3\rangle,\quad 0\le t\le 1. Evaluate ∫C𝑭⋅d𝒓\displaystyle\int_C\mathbf F\cdot d\mathbf r.

Tasks

  1. Evaluate the field along the space curve.

  2. Compute and integrate the dot product.

  3. Verify the calculation by expanding zdx+xdy+ydzz\,dx+x\,dy+y\,dz.

Original worksheet page 1: question and worked solution for 5-4-005
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Question 5 – Solution

Strategy. Substitute all three coordinates before taking the dot product with the three-dimensional velocity.

Step 1: Field and velocity 𝑭(𝒓(t))=⟨t3,t,t2⟩,𝒓′(t)=⟨1,2t,3t2⟩.\mathbf F(\mathbf r(t))=\langle t^3,t,t^2\rangle,\qquad \mathbf r'(t)=\langle 1,2t,3t^2\rangle.

Step 2: Dot and integrate 𝑭(𝒓(t))⋅𝒓′(t)=t3+2t2+3t4,∫C𝑭⋅d𝒓=[t44+2t33+3t55]01=14+23+35=9160.\begin{align*} \mathbf F(\mathbf r(t))\cdot\mathbf r'(t) &=t^3+2t^2+3t^4,\\ \int_C\mathbf F\cdot d\mathbf r &=\left[\frac{t^4}{4}+\frac{2t^3}{3}+\frac{3t^5}{5}\right]_0^1\\ &=\frac 14+\frac 23+\frac 35 =\boxed{\frac{91}{60}}. \end{align*}

Step 3: Differential-form check Along the curve, zdx=t3dt,xdy=t(2tdt)=2t2dt,ydz=t2(3t2dt)=3t4dt.z\,dx=t^3dt,\quad x\,dy=t(2t\,dt)=2t^2dt,\quad y\,dz=t^2(3t^2\,dt)=3t^4dt. These are exactly the three terms above.

Verification Every term is nonnegative on [0,1][0,1], and the common-denominator sum (15+40+36)/60=91/60(15+40+36)/60=91/60 confirms the arithmetic.

Original worksheet page 2: question and worked solution for 5-4-005

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