Cylindrical Coordinates — Question 10

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Question 10

A solid is described cylindrically by 0≤r≤2+cos⁡θ0\le r\le 2+\cos\theta, 0≤θ<2π0\le\theta<2\pi, and r2≤z≤6−rr^2\le z\le 6-r.

Tasks

  1. Determine whether the vertical bounds are consistent everywhere in the stated radial range.

  2. Correct the radial upper bound if necessary.

  3. Give a precise final description and explain which constraint is active.

Original worksheet page 1: question and worked solution for 1-12-010
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Question 10 – Solution

Strategy. Vertical consistency requires lower height not exceed upper height.

See the diagram in the original worksheet below.

Step 1: Compare heights r2≤6−r⇔r2+r−6≤0⇔(r+3)(r−2)≤0.r^2\le 6-r\quad\Longleftrightarrow\quad r^2+r-6\le 0\quad\Longleftrightarrow\quad(r+3)(r-2)\le 0. With r≥0r\ge 0, this requires 0≤r≤20\le r\le 2.

Step 2: Combine radial restrictions The stated planar bound is r≤2+cos⁡θr\le 2+\cos\theta, which ranges from 11 to 33. Both conditions must hold, so 0≤r≤min⁡{2,2+cos⁡θ}.\boxed{0\le r\le\min\{2,2+\cos\theta\}}. Equivalently, the upper bound is 22 when cos⁡θ≥0\cos\theta\ge 0 and 2+cos⁡θ2+\cos\theta when cos⁡θ<0\cos\theta<0.

Step 3: Final description 0≤θ<2π,0≤r≤min⁡{2,2+cos⁡θ},r2≤z≤6−r.\boxed{0\le\theta<2\pi,\quad 0\le r\le\min\{2,2+\cos\theta\},\quad r^2\le z\le 6-r}. The height surfaces meet at r=2r=2. For angles on the right half-plane the height condition truncates the planar radius; on the left half-plane the limacon-type boundary is already smaller than 22.

Original worksheet page 2: question and worked solution for 1-12-010

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