Power Series — Question 9

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Question 9

Find the center, radius, and interval of convergence of ∑n=1∞n2(x−3)n2n\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{n^2(x-3)^n}{2^n}. Explain the different roles of the exponential and polynomial factors.

Original worksheet page 1: question and worked solution for 4-14-009
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Question 9 – Solution

Step 1: Apply the Ratio Test.

|an+1an|=(n+1n)2|x−3|2→|x−3|2.\left|\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}\right|=\left(\frac{n+1}{n}\right)^2\frac{|x-3|}{2}\longrightarrow\frac{|x-3|}{2}. Thus |x−3|<2|x-3|<2, giving center c=3c=3, radius R=2R=2, and preliminary interval 1<x<51<x<5.

Step 2: Test the endpoints.
  • At x=5x=5, the terms reduce to n2n^2, so the series diverges.

  • At x=1x=1, the terms reduce to n2(−1)nn^2(-1)^n, whose magnitudes do not approach zero.

Conclusion.

The interval is (1,5)\boxed{(1,5)}. The exponential coefficient 2−n2^{-n} fixes the radius; the polynomial n2n^2 has root tending to 11 but makes both boundary terms fail the nth-term test.

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